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Et si la psychologie humaine s'inscrivait dans le prolongement de celle des animaux, qu'il s'agisse de la violence, de l'empathie, ou même de la morale ? C'est la thèse que défend Frans de Waal, primatologue de réputation internationale, dans Le Singe en nous : il s'oppose aux théories de l'exception humaine, qu'elles fassent de l'homme une espèce destinée à dépasser une animalité mauvaise ou qu'elles le présentent comme une aberration de la nature, dont les progrès techniques et intellectuels sont peu en rapport avec sa capacité à gérer son agressivité. A travers l'étude des deux grands singes qui nous sont le plus proches, le chimpanzé et le bonobo, Frans de Waal décrypte notre comportement. Si les chimpanzés incarnent notre face agressive, les bonobos correspondent au versant doux et empathique de l'espèce humaine : primates pacifiques, ils vivent dans des sociétés matriarcales où la fréquence des rapports sexuels permet d'aplanir les conflits. En s'appuyant sur nombre d'anecdotes fascinantes, mais aussi sur des recherches approfondies, l'auteur brosse un portrait du " singe bipolaire " qu'est l'homme. Il utilise aussi le formidable laboratoire que constituent les sociétés de chimpanzés et de bonobos pour aborder les problèmes de la vie en commun chez les êtres humains. Incroyable réservoir d'informations sur la vie des grands singes, ce livre tend à l'humanité un miroir qui lui permettra peut-être de mieux gérer ses propres instincts.

Chimpanzees --- Psychology, Comparative --- Human behavior --- Chimpanzé --- Psychologie comparée --- Comportement humain --- Behavior --- Moeurs et comportement --- Chimpanzé --- Psychologie comparée

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To observe a dog's guilty look. to witness a gorilla's self-sacrifice for a wounded mate, to watch an elephant herd's communal effort on behalf of a stranded calf--to catch animals in certain acts is to wonder what moves them. Might there he a code of ethics in the animal kingdom? Must an animal be human to he humane? In this provocative book, a renowned scientist takes on those who have declared ethics uniquely human Making a compelling case for a morality grounded in biology, he shows how ethical behavior is as much a matter of evolution as any other trait, in humans and animals alike. World famous for his brilliant descriptions of Machiavellian power plays among chimpanzees-the nastier side of animal life--Frans de Waal here contends that animals have a nice side as well. Making his case through vivid anecdotes drawn from his work with apes and monkeys and holstered by the intriguing, voluminous data from his and others' ongoing research, de Waal shows us that many of the building blocks of morality are natural: they can he observed in other animals. Through his eyes, we see how not just primates but all kinds of animals, from marine mammals to dogs, respond to social rules, help each other, share food, resolve conflict to mutual satisfaction, even develop a crude sense of justice and fairness. Natural selection may be harsh, but it has produced highly successful species that survive through cooperation and mutual assistance. De Waal identifies this paradox as the key to an evolutionary account of morality, and demonstrates that human morality could never have developed without the foundation of fellow feeling our species shares with other animals. As his work makes clear, a morality grounded in biology leads to an entirely different conception of what it means to he human--and humane.

Ethics, Evolutionary. --- Animal behavior. --- Human behavior. --- Ethics. --- Deontology --- Ethics, Primitive --- Ethology --- Moral philosophy --- Morality --- Morals --- Philosophy, Moral --- Science, Moral --- Philosophy --- Values --- Action, Human --- Behavior, Human --- Human action --- Human beings --- Human biology --- Physical anthropology --- Psychology --- Social sciences --- Psychology, Comparative --- Animals --- Animals, Habits and behavior of --- Behavior, Animal --- Animal psychology --- Zoology --- Ethologists --- Ethics, Naturalistic --- Evolutionary ethics --- Naturalistic ethics --- Ethics --- Ethical relativism --- Behavior

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Primates --- Aggressive behavior in animals --- Social behavior in animals --- Agressivité chez les animaux --- Comportement social chez les animaux --- Behavior --- Moeurs et comportement

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Chimpanzees --- Social behavior in animals --- Sexual behavior in animals --- Behavior

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"Monkey see, monkey do" may sound simple, but how an individual perceives and processes the behavior of another is one of the most complex and fascinating questions related to the social life of humans and other primates. In The Primate Mind, experts from around the world take a bottom-up approach to primate social behavior by investigating how the primate mind connects with other minds and exploring the shared neurological basis for imitation, joint action, cooperative behavior, and empathy.In the past, there has been a tendency to ask all-or-nothing questions, such as whether primates possess a theory of mind, have self-awareness, or have culture. A bottom-up approach asks, rather, what are the underlying cognitive processes of such capacities, some of which may be rather basic and widespread. Prominent neuroscientists, psychologists, ethologists, and primatologists use methods ranging from developmental psychology to neurophysiology and neuroimaging to explore these evolutionary foundations.A good example is mirror neurons, first discovered in monkeys but also assumed to be present in humans, that enable a fusing between one's own motor system and the perceived actions of others. This allows individuals to read body language and respond to the emotions of others, interpret their actions and intentions, synchronize and coordinate activities, anticipate the behavior of others, and learn from them. The remarkable social sophistication of primates rests on these basic processes, which are extensively discussed in the pages of this volume.

Primates --- Social psychology. --- Neuropsychology. --- Psychology, Comparative. --- Comparative neurobiology. --- Psychology. --- Comparative neurobiology --- Neuropsychology --- Psychology, Comparative --- Social psychology --- Quadrumana --- Mammals --- Comparative neurology --- Neurobiology --- Psychology